Action stations

The place each man takes when going into battle

Beat to quarters

Go to actions stations ready for battle

Engaged (the enemy)

In this context it means to join in battle. Example: The British fleet engaged the enemy. This means the British fleet and an enemy fleet fought against each other.

Flogging around the fleet

A severe form of punishment in which the convicted was rowed from ship to ship and lashed a dozen strokes beside each while the crew looked on and the drums on board beat the "Rogue's March." Ref: A Sea of Words by Dean King.

man-o-war / Man of War

A ship fitted out for fighting

Pipe aboard

The signal made on the bo'sun's call when Senior Officers, Captains or Admirals came aboard a man-o-war / Man of War

Pipe down

The signal made by the bo'suns call to tell the men it is bedtime

Sail of the Line

These were the ships in the major fleet units that engaged in battle

Ship of the line

A ship of the line can be equated to today's battleship

Struck her colours

When a ship is said to have 'struck her colours' it means she has been surrendered.